Definition
Nano kernel is a system architecture that provides basic services needed for an operating system to work. It is responsible for the most necessary tasks, such as managing basic computer operations and facilitating parts of the system to communicate with each other.
History of a Nano Kernel
The emergence of microkernels in the 1980s was meant to improve kernel reliability and maintainability by simplifying them. Nano kernels improved on this concept by simplifying the kernels further. As a result, they addressed the need for highly efficient and secure systems, particularly in embedded and real-time environments.
Functions of Nano Kernels
- Low-level hardware management: Manages critical components like the CPU and memory.
- Context switching: Shifts focus between various processes or tasks within the computer.
- Inter-process communication (IPC): Facilitates information sharing among different system components.
- Scheduling: Determines the next task for the CPU, sometimes delegated to higher layers.
- Interrupt handling: Manages and responds to sudden system demands or changes.
Benefits of a Nano Kernel
- Flexibility: Nano kernels are highly flexible due to their ease of adding and removing when needed.
- Efficiency and performance: They’re small in size, faster and use less power.
- Security: Nano kernels are less complex hence less chances for errors.
Examples of Nano Kernel
- L4 Micro-kernel family: Family of low-level operating system kernels designed for minimal size and complexity, with implementations like Fiasco in the L4re OS used in automotive and security-critical systems.
- QNX Neutrino operating system: This commercial real-time OS is designed for embedded systems. It features a micro-kernel architecture with minimal features for kernel operations and minimal resource consumption, suitable for industries like automotive, medical devices, and aerospace.
- seL4 Microkernel: This microkernel, which prioritizes assurance and security, was developed by the Trustworthy Systems group at Data61. It is used in applications like autonomous vehicles, secure communication devices, and computing platforms.