Definition
The universal 2nd factor (U2F) is an open protocol for reinforcing 2FA with specialized NFC and USB devices. Google and Yubico developed it with NXP Semiconductors to provide an additional security layer against man-in-the-middle and phishing attacks.
Examples of U2F
- Login security: It can be an extra security measure when accessing sensitive accounts such as email or banking.
- Corporate security: Businesses employ U2F to protect access to critical network systems and databases.
Advantages and Disadvantages of U2F
Pros
- Enhanced security: U2F provides strong security against cyberattacks such as man-in-the-middle and phishing.
- Ease of use: U2F removes the need to input codes from an app or text; You only need to bring the U2F device close to an NFC reader or insert it into a USB port.
Cons
- Device dependence: The user must always carry the U2F device, which can be a problem if lost.
- Compatibility: Some services and websites might not support U2F, limiting its usage.
Using U2F
- Always keep the U2F device safe to avoid losing it.
- Confirm whether your preferred websites support U2F before purchasing one.
Difference between FIDO U2F and FIDO2
FIDO2 was developed by FIDO Alliance to replace U2F with passwordless authentication as the key feature. The new authentication standard enabled users to log in using the FIDO2 security key or biometric data such as face ID or fingerprint.
FIDO2 has become increasingly popular due to its backward compatibility with FIDO U2F. It is now being adopted as the new 2FA and passwordless authentication.
U2F History
U2F first gained attention in 2012 after tech blogs reported that Google was using key fobs for authentication. While the tools weren’t widely used in the industry at the time, the excitement and attention were building up already.
In 2014, the partnership of Google, Yubico, and NXP Semiconductors proposed the standards. Eventually, the open-source standards fell under the jurisdiction of the FIDO Alliance, which continues to maintain and administer it today.